The major findings from national survey done by XXXare as follows:
- The data were presented in 38 different tables, based on the parameters agreed.
- The information covers: Food security, nutrition, WATSAN, livelihood, assets, Copying mechanism, priority needs, HH & individual level information and status of market [commodity prices, skill /unskilled labours]
- Survey samples are covering two ecological zones, 1. Tonle saap 2. Plain
- The selection of villages was based on peak flood [27-31 sept] satellite imageries.
- Survey have used “affect index” to define the flood impact and set criteria for “poorest” which is simply taking ID poor in account. So this survey can give robust analysis of flood impact on real poor. Interestingly survey confirms that only 10% of respondent were having ID poor card and approximately 5% said they are under IDP status but could not show the card. Means the survey covers 77% of non categorised population.
- Profile:
o Two ecological zones, 1230 HH and 81 villages per ecological zone which means total 2460 HH and 164 villages in 11 provinces were covered.
o 47% are men and 53% are women ration in total samples.
o 37.5% of the respondent are having 5-6 family size but interestingly 19% have more than 7 family members.
o 39% respondent are falling under poverty, 39% in middle income and 22% are in rich category.
- Displacement:
o Approximately 28% of the poorest HH, 12% of middle income HH and 1% of rich HH were displaced during the flood.
- House type and damage:
o 76% of the population stays in “wood plank” houses in tonle saap while 53% of the population lives in “palm/bamboo” houses.
o Approximately 20% HH have reported damaged floor, walls and roof due to flooding.
- Food/Nutrition:
o It is interesting to see that copying capacity and adaptive capacity in food has clearly reflected in survey like more than 90% poor HH [total 520] have had sufficient food during the time of survey [Jan/Feb.] but on the other side if we see the analysis of loans we can find that 69.3% of poorest HH have had loans and to be particular 48.4% HH have taken loans after flood for food.. so it is clear that people have only coping mechanism is to borrowed money for their food needs.
- Farming:
o Damage: 89.5% of the surveyed HH reported to have crop damage. in spite high report of damage 66% of the respondents have said to have harvest but the harvested quantity is significantly low 1113 Kg/Ha compared to 3200 Kg/Ha.
o Only 21% of them were able to sale some rice which means remaining quantity was just sufficient for their food.
o 83.7% HH reported less selling compare to last year which means the crop damage is to a high extent.
o Agri/rice stock: The respondents have expressed that the stock [esp. rice] with them will last approximately 5 months. Which means the shortage will be observed from May onwards in ideal condition however if we add the loan dynamics to the findings it is evident that when people start repaying the loans they will have no choice but to sale the rice at cheaper price which will affect their own consumption and create the food shortage sooner by month of May.
o Farming: 20% of the HH are doing wet season farming only, 9% are doing dry farming, while 20% of the HH are not doing any farming and interestingly 51% are doing both wet and dry farming.
- Live stock:
o Approximately 74.8% population owns live stock and the loss of live stock due to flood is not much. Most of the loss is reported in chicken and some in cows.
- Fishing :
o 34% of the HH reported to do fishing but 50% of 34% have reported to have less fish after flooding.
- Income earners/ income/ Employment:
o It is observed that only 1.6 persons per family of 5-6 are income earners among the poorest while richest have 2.1 income earners per family.
o 93% of poorest HH reported to have same income earners after flooding which means the burden of the income earning falls on same member and no extra helping hand in place after flooding.
o 70% HH are either self employed; labours or working for others and the income is reduced for both poor and middle income group.
- Income change /Expenses analysis:
o Approximately 70-74% of HH in poorest to middle income group have reported decrease in income due to flooding.
o 74.8% of the poorest family reported decrease in the income earners after flooding.
o Food expenses: 21-28% of total food expense is on fish, 33-15% on rice, 11-12% on veg/fruit, 5.7% to 16.9% on meat. The poorest are consuming more rice and less meat than richest.
o Non-food expenses: the highest expense of 23% were recorded under “ceremonies” 15.9% on medical, 14.3% on loan, 9.7% on education, 9.4% on farm equipment, 9.1% on transport and only 1.5% on housing.
o Food and non-food expenses after applying weighted index: The main 4 heads which consumes most of the HH income are ceremonies, food, medical and loans. Approximately 63% of the income goes towards these 4 sectors.
- Loans and debts analysis:
o In Plain terrine: 61.8% have had loan at the time of survey where 21.9% were having loan pre-flooding as well. Which means 40% of the HH had to take loans due to flooding.
o 27.% of poorest have 1 loans, 12% have 2 and 9.3% have more than 2 loans.
o Less than 10% of HH [in all 4 categories] reported to be able to pay back the loans which means they will have to soon go for second loan.
o More than 50% of the HH reported to have loan for food
o Most of the HH have two main source of getting loan MFI [29.7%] and private lender [27.5%].
- Drinking water/ WASH:
o 32.9% of HH in plain and 60.9% HH in tonle saap are drinking water from non-improved sources and especially 15% of plain and 23% of tonle saap basin population are drinking untreated water. There are 22.3% of HH in tonle saap depending on dug wells. While drastically these figure is only 2.5 % in plain terrine.
o 94% HH have reported no change in drinking water source due to flooding which means despite the quality deterioration the people continue drinking water from same source.
o Approximately 74% HH having no access to latrines.
- Fuel:
o Approximately 92% HH are dependent on “fuel wood” which means that when there is massive flood people will not get dry wood and in that case they have to buy cooking fuel which will increase their expenses during the flooding situation.
- Assistance received during/after flooding:
o Most of the relief assistance went for Food, water treatment, NFI, clothes/blanket.
More reading:
http://english.sina.com/world/2012/0705/483533.html
